https://ojvr.org/index.php/ojvr/issue/feedOnderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research2024-03-23T11:08:56+01:00AOSIS Publishingsubmissions@ojvr.orgOpen Journal Systems<a id="readmorebanner" href="/index.php/ojvr/pages/view/journal-information" target="_self">Read more</a> <img style="padding-top: 2px;" src="/public/web_banner.svg" alt="" />https://ojvr.org/index.php/ojvr/article/view/2174Erratum: Ascofuranone antibiotic is a promising trypanocidal drug for nagana2024-03-23T11:08:56+01:00Keisuke Suganumak.suganuma@obihiro.ac.jpKennedy M. Mochabokennedy.mochabo@egerton.ac.keJudith K. Chemulitichemuliti@gmail.comKiyoshi Kitakitak@kita-kiyoshi.netNoboru Inoueircpmi@obihiro.ac.jpShin-ichiro Kawazuskawazu@obihiro.ac.jp<span style="font-size: medium;">No abstract available.</span>2024-03-22T10:26:00+01:00Copyright (c) 2024 Keisuke Suganuma, Kennedy M. Mochabo, Judith K. Chemuliti, Kiyoshi Kita, Noboru Inoue, Shin-ichiro Kawazuhttps://ojvr.org/index.php/ojvr/article/view/2133Hepatoprotective effects of leaf extract of Annona senegalensis against aflatoxin B1 toxicity in rats2024-03-12T11:03:51+01:00Rhulani Makhuvelemakhuveler@arc.agric.zaKenn Foubertkenn.foubert@uantwerpen.beNina Hermansnina.hermans@uantwerpen.beLuc Pietersluc.pieters@uantwerpen.beLuc Verschaeveluc.annemie.maes@skynet.beEsameldin Elgorashielgorashie@arc.agric.za<p>Global aflatoxin contamination of agricultural commodities is of the most concern in food safety and quality. This study investigated the hepatoprotective effect of 80% methanolic leaf extract of <em>Annona senegalensis</em> against aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> (AFB<sub>1</sub>)-induced toxicity in rats. <em>A. senegalensis</em> has shown to inhibit genotoxicity of aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> <em>in vitro</em>. The rats were divided into six groups including untreated control, aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> only (negative control); curcumin (positive control; 10 mg/kg); and three groups receiving different doses (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 300 mg/kg) of <em>A. senegalensis</em> extract. The rats received treatment (with the exception of untreated group) for 7 days prior to intoxication with aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub>. Serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatinine were measured. Hepatic tissues were analysed for histological alterations. Administration of <em>A. senegalensis</em> extract demonstrated hepatoprotective effects against aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub>-induced toxicity <em>in vivo</em> by significantly reducing the level of serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase and regenerating the hepatocytes. No significant changes were observed in the levels of alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatinine for the AFB<sub>1</sub> intoxicated group, curcumin+AFB<sub>1</sub> and <em>Annona senegalensis</em> leaf extract (ASLE)+AFB<sub>1</sub> (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 300 mg/kg body weight [b.w.]) treated groups. <em>Annona senegalensis</em> is a good candidate for hepatoprotective agents and thus its use in traditional medicine may at least in part be justified.</p><p><strong>Contribution:</strong> The plant extract investigated in this study can be used in animal health to protect the organism from toxicity caused by mycotoxins.</p>2024-03-11T05:05:00+01:00Copyright (c) 2024 Rhulani Makhuvele, Kenn Foubert, Nina Hermans, Luc Pieters, Luc Verschaeve, Esameldin Elgorashihttps://ojvr.org/index.php/ojvr/article/view/2150Corrigendum: The outbreak of seasonal goat’s brucellosis in the Swat ecosystem of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa2024-03-02T11:01:17+01:00Nabilla Qayumnabilaqayum1999@gmail.comMuhammad N. Uddinnazirkhattak@yahoo.comWajid Khansherafghan.shah@gmail.comHabib Un Nabisro.vrs@gmail.comTaj- Ud- Dinsudais143muskan@gmail.comMuhammad Sulemansuleman@uswat.edu.pkHanif Ur Rahmandrhanif001tanha@gmail.comIftikhar Aliali@cuhk.edu.hkAhmed M. Hassanahmadhassan45@gmail.comRafa Almeerrafa.almer132@gmail.comFarman Ullahfarmanullah@uswat.edu.pk<p>No abstract available.</p>2024-02-29T14:56:00+01:00Copyright (c) 2024 Nabilla Qayum, Muhammad N. Uddin, Wajid Khan, Habib Un Nabi, Taj-Ud-Din, Muhammad Suleman, Hanif Ur Rahman, Iftikhar Ali, Ahmed M. Hassan, Rafa Almeer, Farman Ullahhttps://ojvr.org/index.php/ojvr/article/view/2115Ascofuranone antibiotic is a promising trypanocidal drug for nagana2024-03-22T09:29:15+01:00Keisuke Suganumak.suganuma@obihiro.ac.jpKennedy M. Mochabokennedy.mochabo@egerton.ac.keJudith K. Chemulitichemuliti@gmail.comKiyoshi Kitakitak@kita-kiyoshi.netNoboru Inoueircpmi@obihiro.ac.jpShin-ichiro Kawazuskawazu@obihiro.ac.jp<p>Trypanosomosis is a disease complex which affects both humans and animals in sub-Saharan Africa, transmitted by the tsetse fly and distributed within the tsetse belt of Africa. But some trypanosome species, for example, <em>Trypanosoma brucei evansi, T. vivax, T. theileri</em> and <em>T. b. equiperdum</em> are endemic outside the tsetse belt of Africa transmitted by biting flies, for example, Tabanus and Stomoxys, or venereal transmission, respectively. Trypanocidal drugs remain the principal method of animal trypanosomosis control in most African countries. However, there is a growing concern that their effectiveness may be severely curtailed by widespread drug resistance. A minimum number of six male cattle calves were recruited for the study. They were randomly grouped into two (<em>T. vivax</em> and <em>T. congolense</em> groups) of three calves each. One calf per group served as a control while two calves were treatment group. They were inoculated with 10<sup>5</sup> cells/mL parasites in phosphate buffered solution (PBS) in 2 mL. When parasitaemia reached 1 × 10<sup>7.8</sup> cells/mL trypanosomes per mL in calves, treatment was instituted with 20 mL (25 mg/kg in 100 kg calf) ascofuranone (AF) for treatment calves, while the control ones were administered a placebo (20 mL PBS) intramuscularly. This study revealed that <em>T. vivax</em> was successfully cleared by AF but the <em>T. congolense</em> group was not cleared effectively.</p><p><strong>Contribution:</strong> There is an urgent need to develop new drugs which this study sought to address. It is suggested that the AF compound can be developed further to be a sanative drug for <em>T. vivax</em> in non-tsetse infested areas like South Americas.</p>2024-02-08T06:00:00+01:00Copyright (c) 2024 Kennedy Miyoro Mochabo, Keisuke Suganuma, Judith Kusimba Chemuliti, Kiyoshi Kita, Noboru Inoue, Kawazu Shin-ichirohttps://ojvr.org/index.php/ojvr/article/view/2114Seroprevalence of brucellosis in communal and smallholder cattle farming in North West Province, South Africa2024-01-15T13:20:10+01:00Bontsi Marumobmarumo@arc.agric.zaTiny M. HlokweHlokweT@arc.agric.zaPrudence N. Kayoka-Kabongokabonpnk@unisa.ac.za<p>Brucellosis is an important bacterial zoonosis responsible for considerable economic losses in livestock and health-related burden worldwide. The objective of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of brucellosis in communal and smallholder cattle farming in four districts of the North West province of South Africa (Dr Ruth Segomotsi Mompati, Ngaka Modiri Molema, Bojanala platinum and Dr Kenneth Kaunda districts). Seven hundred and seventy blood samples from farmed animals (<em>n</em> = 378) and abattoir-slaughtered animals (<em>n</em> = 392) were collected. In addition, milk samples (<em>n</em> = 22) were collected from lactating farmed cows. Rose Bengal test (RBT), complement fixation test (CFT) and milk ring test (MRT) were used to detect antibodies against <em>Brucella</em> species. The RBT showed a seroprevalence of 2% at 95% confidence interval (CI: 1.35–3.35), CFT confirmed an overall seroprevalence of 1.95% (95% CI: 1.14–3.12) for all four districts sampled. Although the seroprevalence of brucellosis was found to be low, the possibility of undetected cases of the disease could not be ruled out. Overall, the findings of this study confirmed that brucellosis is endemic in the surveyed areas of the North West province of South Africa.</p><p><strong>Contribution:</strong> The outcome of this study will contribute to the National Brucellosis Project organised by the Department of Agriculture, Land Reform and Rural Development (2016–2026) to assist in the effective implementation of the disease control measures with a view to prevent further outbreaks in the country’s cattle population.</p>2023-12-26T07:00:00+01:00Copyright (c) 2023 Bontsi Marumo, Tiny M. Hlokwe, Prudence N. Kayoka-Kabongohttps://ojvr.org/index.php/ojvr/article/view/2145Acknowledgement to reviewers2024-01-15T13:20:10+01:00Editorial Officepublishing@aosis.co.zano abstract available2023-11-23T06:30:00+01:00Copyright (c) 2023 Editorial Officehttps://ojvr.org/index.php/ojvr/article/view/2119Characterisation of South African field Ehrlichia ruminantium using multilocus sequence typing2024-01-15T13:20:10+01:00Zinathi Dlamkilelukanji.zinathi@gmail.comLuis Nevesluis.neves@up.ac.zaDarshana Morar-Leatherdarshana.morar@up.ac.zaChristopher BrandtbrandtC@arc.agric.zaAlri Pretoriuspretoriusal@arc.agric.zaHelena SteynsteynH@arc.agric.zaJunita LiebenbergliebenbergJ@arc.agric.za<p>Heartwater, one of the major tick-borne diseases of some domestic and wild ruminants in Africa, is caused by <em>Ehrlichia ruminantium</em>. The genetic diversity of <em>E. ruminantium</em> isolates renders the available vaccine ineffective against certain virulent isolates. To better understand the <em>E. ruminantium</em> genotypes in South Africa, a total of 1004 <em>Amblyomma hebraeum</em> tick deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) samples from cattle in three South African provinces were tested by pCS20 Sol1 real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and characterised by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) using five housekeeping genes. Out of 1004 samples tested, 222 (22%) were positive for <em>E. ruminantium</em>. The occurrence of <em>E. ruminantium</em> in Mpumalanga, KwaZulu-Natal and Limpopo provinces was 19%, 22% and 27%, respectively. The <em>E. ruminantium</em> positive samples were screened for housekeeping genes and sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis revealed three main lineages: clade 1 made up of worldwide isolates (eastern, southern Africa, and Caribbean isolates), clade 2 comprised only West African isolates and clade 3 consisted of Omatjenne, Kümm2 and Riverside. Some study sample sequences were not identical to any of the reference isolates. However, they could all be grouped into the worldwide clade. Genetic variation in the sequenced regions was observed in the form of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Using MLST to characterise <em>E. ruminantium</em> field isolates allowed the South African genotypes to be clearly distinguished from the distinct West African isolates.</p><p><strong>Contribution:</strong> Characterisation of <em>E. ruminantium</em> field isolates is important for the control of heartwater and contributes to preliminary knowledge required for the development of a more practical vaccine against heartwater.</p>2023-11-14T06:00:00+01:00Copyright (c) 2023 Zinathi Dlamkile, Luis Neves, Darshana Morar-Leather, Christopher Brandt, Alri Pretorius, Helena Steyn, Junita Liebenberghttps://ojvr.org/index.php/ojvr/article/view/2079The outbreak of migratory goat’s brucellosis in the Swat ecosystem of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa2024-02-29T13:59:27+01:00Nabilla Qayumnabilaqayum1999@gmail.comMuhammad N. Uddinnazirkhattak@yahoo.comWajid Khansherafghan.shah@gmail.comHabib Un Nabisro.vrs@gmail.comTaj- Ud- Dinsudais143muskan@gmail.comMuhammad Sulemansuleman@uswat.edu.pkHanif Ur Rahmandrhanif001tanha@gmail.comIftikhar Aliali@cuhk.edu.hkAhmed M. Hassanahmadhassan45@gmail.comRafa Almeerrafa.almer132@gmail.comFarman Ullahfarmanullah@uswat.edu.pk<p>Brucellosis is a major threat to public health especially in developing countries including Pakistan. This study reveals the characterisation of <em>Brucella</em> species affecting humans and goats in the Swat region of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Blood samples were collected from shepherds and goats and analysed by Rose Bengal precipitation test (RBPT), standard plate agglutination test (SPAT), polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Sanger sequencing of 16S rRNA gene. The findings of the study indicated 24% (36/150) and 11.3% (17/150) positivity for <em>Brucella abortus</em> and <em>Brucella melitensis,</em> respectively, in human samples. In samples of goats, 26.66% (40/150) were positive for <em>B. abortus</em> and 16.66% (25/150) samples were positive <em>B. melitensis</em> by SPAT. The species-specific PCR confirmed <em>B. abortus</em> in 24% (36/150) of human samples and 26.66% (17/150) of goat samples by targeting the IS711 locus. The remaining seropositive samples were confirmed as <em>B. melitensis</em> using IS711 M species-specific primer. The sequences of the amplified fragments of the 16S rRNA gene were blasted, and phylogenetic analysis revealed that <em>Brucella</em> species circulating in the Swat district were closely related to <em>B. melitensis</em> and <em>B. abortus</em> reported from India, China, Philippines, and the United States (US) showing the existence of the possible epidemiological linkage among the <em>Brucella</em> species. This study concluded that there was a higher prevalence of <em>B. abortus</em> (26.6%) in humans and goats compared to <em>B. melitensis</em> (16.6%). These results revealed that the <em>Brucella</em> species were circulating in both humans and goats in the study areas. The findings of the study concluded that <em>B. abortus</em> and <em>B. melitensis</em> were circulating in goats and shepherds with a higher prevalence of <em>B. abortus</em> than <em>B. melitensis</em>. Furthermore, the <em>Brucella</em> species identified in Swat were phylogenetically related to the <em>Brucella</em> species reported from India, China, Philippines and the US.</p><p><strong>Contribution:</strong> The proposed study covers the scope of the journal. The species of the genus <em>Brucella</em> affect both animals and shepherds. This study investigates the seroprevalence of brucellosis in shepherds and goats in different geographical areas in the Swat district. The phylogenetic analysis of the <em>Brucella</em> spp. identified in Swat showed close relationships to the <em>Brucella</em> species reported in India, China, Philippines and the US, which shows the possible epidemiological linkages between the <em>Brucella</em> spp.</p>2023-10-25T09:00:00+02:00Copyright (c) 2023 Wajid Khanhttps://ojvr.org/index.php/ojvr/article/view/2085Monitoring the genetic variation of some Escherichia coli strains in wild birds and cattle2024-01-15T13:20:10+01:00Ghada A. Ibrahimdr.ghadaabdelaal@ahri.gov.egAhmed M. Salah-Eldeinvetahmedsalah@vet.suez.edu.egMayasar I. Al-zabandr.amalsaid@ahri.gov.egAmal S.A. El-Okshdr.amalsaid@ahri.gov.egElsayyad M. Ahmedelsayyad@ahri.gov.egDoaa S. Fariddoaa.farid@agri.aru.edu.egEnas M. Saadenas_abdelhaleem@vet.suez.edu.eg<p>To date, there is limited data about the genetic relationship of <em>Escherichia coli</em> between wild birds and cattle because these birds act as silent vectors for many zoonotic bacteria. This study aimed to elucidate the role of rooming wild birds in the vicinity of cattle farm in transmission of the same pathogenic <em>E. coli</em> variants, identifying their virulence, resistance traits and genetic similarities of <em>fim</em>H virulence gene. About 240 faecal/cloacal swabs were collected from both species and examined bacteriologically. <em>Escherichia coli</em> was yielded in 45.8% and 32.5%, respectively, of examined cattle and wild birds. The most prevalent detected <em>E. coli</em> serovar was O26. High tetracycline and chloramphenicol resistance were recorded; however, gentamycin and ciprofloxacin exhibited the highest sensitivity rates. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) conserved genotypic resistance (<em>tet</em>A and <em>bla</em><sub>CTX</sub>-M) and virulence attributes (<em>fim</em>H, <em>stx</em>1, <em>eae</em>A and <em>omp</em>A) of <em>E. coli</em> isolates were discussed in detail. The <em>fim</em>H gene revealed 100% sequence similarity when comparing with different <em>E. coli</em> isolates globally and locally. Finally, a close genetic association of <em>E. coli</em> with both wild birds and cattle was detected, thus strengthening its role in the dissemination of the infection via environment. Prevention and conservative policy should be carried as <em>E. coli</em> constitute enormous significant zoonotic risks to livestock and animal workers. Also, further studies to the whole genome sequencing of <em>fim</em>H, other virulence and resistance genes of <em>E. coli</em> are recommended trying to limit the possibilities of co-infection and transfer among different species.</p><p><strong>Contribution:</strong> The current study recorded updated data about the critical infectious role of wild birds to livestock, including cattle farms in Egypt. It also delivered some recommendations for good hygienic practices in cattle farms which must be implemented for handling animal manure.</p>2023-07-26T11:29:00+02:00Copyright (c) 2023 Ghada A. Ibrahim, Ahmed M. Salah-Eldein, Mayasar I. Al-zaban, Amal S.A. El-Oksh, Elsayyad M. Ahmed, Doaa S. Farid, Enas M. Saadhttps://ojvr.org/index.php/ojvr/article/view/2097Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of bee venom against multi-drug resistant pathogens2024-01-15T13:20:10+01:00Tülin G. Gökmentulinguven01@hotmail.comHatice Yazganhyazgan@cu.edu.trYıldız Özdemiryldzozdmr@hotmail.comSedat Sevinsedatsevin59@gmail.comNevin Turutnevin.turut@tarimorman.gov.trŞifa Karahansifa.karahan@tarimorman.gov.trFunda Eşkifeski@cu.edu.trİbrahim Kıvrakikivrak@mu.edu.trOsman Sezerosman.sezer@tarimorman.gov.trArmağan E. Ütükautuk@cu.edu.tr<p>Bee venom with an antimicrobial effect is a powerful natural product. One of the most important areas where new antimicrobials are needed is in the prevention and control of multi-drug resistant pathogens. Today, antibacterial products used to treat multi-drug resistant pathogen infections in hospitals and healthcare facilities are insufficient to prevent colonisation and spread, and new products are needed. The aim of the study is to investigate the antibacterial effect of the bee venom (BV), a natural substance, on the species of Methicillin resistant <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>, Vancomycin resistant <em>Enterococcus faecalis</em>, Carbapenem resistant <em>Escherichia coli</em>, Carbapenem resistant <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em> and Carbapenem resistant <em>Acinetobacter baumannii</em>. As a result of this study, it was found that MIC<sub>90</sub> and MBC<sub>90</sub> values ranged from 6.25 μg/mL – 12.5 μg/mL and numbers of bacteria decreased by 4–6 logs within 1–24 h for multi-drug resistant pathogens. In particular, Vancomycin resistant <em>Enterococcus faecalis</em> isolate decreased 6 log cfu/mL at 50 μg/mL and 100 μg/mL concentrations in the first hour. The effective bacterial inhibition rate of bee venom suggests that it could be a potential antibacterial agent for multi-drug resistant pathogens.</p><p><strong>Contribution:</strong> The treatment options of antibiotic-resistant pathogens are a major problem in both veterinary and human medicine fields. We have detected a high antibacterial effect against these agents in this bee venom study, which is a natural product. Apitherapy is a fashionable treatment method all over the world and is used in many areas of health. Bee venom is also a product that can be used as a drug or disinfectant raw material and can fill the natural product gap that can be used against resistant bacteria.</p>2023-07-20T13:05:00+02:00Copyright (c) 2023 Tülin G. Gökmen, Hatice Yazgan, Yıldız Özdemir, Sedat Sevin, Nevin Turut, Şifa Karahan, Funda Eşki, İbrahim Kıvrak, Osman Sezer, Armağan E. Ütük