Original Research

Comparative study on three locally developed live orf virus vaccines for sheep in Saudi Arabia

Fahdel M. Housawi, Eltayb M. Abuelzein, Ahmed A. Gamee, Adel I. Alafaleq
Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research | Vol 79, No 1 | a397 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.4102/ojvr.v79i1.397 | © 2012 Fahdel M. Housawi, Eltayb M. Abuelzein, Ahmed A. Gamee, Adel I. Alafaleq | This work is licensed under CC Attribution 4.0
Submitted: 19 December 2011 | Published: 07 August 2012

About the author(s)

Fahdel M. Housawi, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Husbandry, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia
Eltayb M. Abuelzein, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Husbandry, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia
Ahmed A. Gamee, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Husbandry, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia
Adel I. Alafaleq, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Husbandry, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia

Abstract

The epidemiology of orf virus infection in Saudi Arabia (SA) has been researched since 1990. The results obtained during this period indicate that the disease is widespread, has great economic impact and that no vaccine has been used against it. The present study compares the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of three locally developed live orf virus vaccines. Two of them differ in their passage history in Vero cell culture and the third was used as a virulent virus in glycerine buffer. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no similar comparative study has been conducted in the Middle East utilising three types of vaccines prepared from the same virus strain. Selection of the candidate seed orf virus and performance of the quality control tests were as laid out by the OIE for veterinary vaccine production. The vaccine seed virus was a field orf virus isolated from a previous orf outbreak in Saudi Arabia. A simple novel formula was developed to calculate the rate of reduction in the healing time (RHT %) in the challenged sheep. This allowed direct comparison of the efficacy of the three types of vaccines employed in the present study. The efficacy of each vaccine was tested on a cohort of local Noemi sheep.

Keywords

Orf vaccines; cell culture adapted; field orf virus; sheep; efficacy

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